What is the current transformer? Its construction, working, advantages, disadvantages & Applications

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A current transformer (CT) is a type of transformer that is used to measure the current flowing in a power circuit. It is often used in power systems to measure the current being used by various electrical devices and to protect against overcurrent conditions.

Construction of current transformer:

A current transformer is typically made up of a primary winding, a secondary winding, and a core. The primary winding is connected in series with the power circuit, and the secondary winding is connected to a measuring device or relay. The core is made up of a high-permeability material, such as iron, which is used to concentrate the magnetic flux generated by the primary winding.

Working of current transformer:

When current flows through the primary winding, it generates a magnetic field around the core. This magnetic field induces a voltage in the secondary winding, which is proportional to the current in the primary winding. The voltage produced in the secondary winding is then used to drive a measuring device or relay.

Advantages of current transformer:

Current transformers have a number of advantages, including:

  1. Accurate measurement: They provide accurate measurement of current flowing through a power circuit.
  2. Safe: CTs are designed to be safe, and they can be used to protect against overcurrent conditions.
  3. Easy to install: They are easy to install and require minimal maintenance.
  4. Compact: They are typically smaller than other types of transformers, making them more compact and easier to install in tight spaces.

Disadvantages of current transformer:

Some of the disadvantages of current transformers include:

  1. Limited frequency range: They are designed to work at a specific frequency range and may not work well outside that range.
  2. Limited range of currents: They are typically designed to measure a limited range of currents.

Applications

  1. Power generation: They are used in power generation systems to measure the current flowing through the generators.
  2. Power transmission: They are used in power transmission systems to measure the current flowing through the transmission lines.
  3. Industrial: They are used in a wide range of industrial applications, including motor control and electrical distribution.
  4. Protection: They are used to protect against overcurrent conditions in a wide range of electrical systems.

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