Introduction
Signed binary numbers are a way of representing positive and negative numbers in binary form. In signed binary numbers, the leftmost bit is used as a sign bit, with 0 indicating a positive number and 1 indicating a negative number. The remaining bits represent the magnitude of the number in binary form.
Characteristics:
- Signed binary numbers use the leftmost bit as a sign bit.
- The sign bit is 0 for positive numbers and 1 for negative numbers.
- The remaining bits represent the magnitude of the number in binary form.
- The range of signed binary numbers is from -(2^(n-1)) to (2^(n-1))-1, where n is the number of bits in the binary representation.
Formation:
To construct a signed binary number, you first determine the number of bits required to represent the magnitude of the number. Then, you allocate one bit for the sign, with 0 representing a positive number and 1 representing a negative number. The remaining bits are used to represent the magnitude of the number in binary form.
Working:
Signed binary numbers are used in computer systems and digital circuits to represent both positive and negative numbers. The sign bit is used to determine the sign of the number, and the remaining bits are used to represent the magnitude of the number.
Procedure:
- Determine the number of bits required to represent the magnitude of the number.
- Allocate one bit for the sign, with 0 representing a positive number and 1 representing a negative number.
- Convert the magnitude of the number to binary form and place it in the remaining bits.
- If the sign bit is 1 (negative number), take the two’s complement of the magnitude to get the negative value.
Rules:
- The leftmost bit is used as a sign bit.
- 0 represents a positive number and 1 represents a negative number.
- The remaining bits represent the magnitude of the number in binary form.
- The range of signed binary numbers is from -(2^(n-1)) to (2^(n-1))-1, where n is the number of bits in the binary representation.
Mathematical Formula:
To convert a signed binary number to decimal, you can use the formula:
d = -(2^(n-1)) * s + (d[n-2] * 2^(n-2)) + … + (d1 * 2^1) + (d0 * 2^0)
where d is the decimal equivalent, s is the sign bit (0 for positive, 1 for negative), and dn-2 to d0 are the remaining bits representing the magnitude of the number.
To convert a decimal number to a signed binary number, you can use the following steps:
- Determine the number of bits required to represent the magnitude of the number.
- Determine the sign of the number (0 for positive, 1 for negative).
- Convert the magnitude of the number to binary form and place it in the remaining bits.
- If the number is negative, take the two’s complement of the magnitude to get the negative value.
Need
Signed binary numbers are necessary for representing and manipulating both positive and negative numbers in computer systems and digital circuits.
Applications
- Computer science and programming
- Digital electronics and telecommunications
- Financial modeling and analysis
- Data processing and analysis
- Control systems and automation
- Signal processing and image analysis
- Cryptography and security systems.